WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.291 Hello. My name is John Padgett. 2 00:00:02.291 --> 00:00:06.257 This is a brief video for how students and teachers can ... 3 00:00:06.257 --> 00:00:09.694 use Digital Yoknapatawpha, or DY as we call it, 4 00:00:09.694 --> 00:00:13.749 to better understand the fiction of William Faulkner. 5 00:00:13.749 --> 00:00:17.715 The text I will focus on here is his 1936 novel Absalom, 6 00:00:17.715 --> 00:00:20.535 Absalom!. This video will analyze the ... 7 00:00:20.535 --> 00:00:24.501 novel as an example of the Gothic literary tradition, 8 00:00:24.501 --> 00:00:28.203 but please understand, the techniques and uses of ... 9 00:00:28.203 --> 00:00:31.464 DY I demonstrate here can be used to approach ... 10 00:00:31.464 --> 00:00:35.166 Faulkner's fiction from numerous other critical ... 11 00:00:35.166 --> 00:00:36.752 perspectives as well 12 00:00:36.760 --> 00:00:39.481 Before diving into the novel per se, 13 00:00:39.481 --> 00:00:43.835 it might be helpful to review some key characteristics of ... 14 00:00:43.835 --> 00:00:47.373 Gothic literature. At the top of the list is the ... 15 00:00:47.373 --> 00:00:50.366 presence in Gothic texts of a "haunted" 16 00:00:50.366 --> 00:00:54.085 castle or mansion, or sometimes just a setting of ... 17 00:00:54.085 --> 00:00:57.804 gloom or foreboding. Gothic stories often have a ... 18 00:00:57.804 --> 00:01:00.616 fixation or obsession with the past, 19 00:01:00.616 --> 00:01:05.333 especially of the distant past. Gothic lit often features the ... 20 00:01:05.333 --> 00:01:08.508 supernatural and the presence of ghosts, 21 00:01:08.508 --> 00:01:10.594 monsters, or other beings. 22 00:01:10.594 --> 00:01:14.404 Another frequent attribute in Gothic texts is the ... 23 00:01:14.404 --> 00:01:17.579 doppelgänger, or instances of character ... 24 00:01:17.579 --> 00:01:19.665 "doubling" or alter-egos. 25 00:01:19.665 --> 00:01:22.023 There is often a sense of dread, 26 00:01:22.023 --> 00:01:24.835 horror, or terror in Gothic fiction. 27 00:01:24.835 --> 00:01:27.828 And finally, there is often a feeling of ... 28 00:01:27.828 --> 00:01:31.729 uncertainty or ambivalence between what is "real" 29 00:01:31.729 --> 00:01:32.908 and what is not. 30 00:01:32.920 --> 00:01:37.526 These are just some of the gothic motifs in Absalom, 31 00:01:37.526 --> 00:01:40.203 Absalom!, and DY can be used to ... 32 00:01:40.203 --> 00:01:45.558 highlight or illuminate how these motifs work in the novel. 33 00:01:45.560 --> 00:01:47.242 Take, for instance, 34 00:01:47.242 --> 00:01:51.200 the uncertainty or ambivalence between what is ... 35 00:01:51.200 --> 00:01:53.080 "real" and what is not. 36 00:01:53.080 --> 00:01:56.741 In some ways, this characteristic of gothic ... 37 00:01:56.741 --> 00:02:01.194 can be traced back to what is considered the very first ... 38 00:02:01.194 --> 00:02:05.152 gothic novel in English: The Castle of Otranto, 39 00:02:05.152 --> 00:02:09.901 first published on Christmas in 1764 by British novelist ... 40 00:02:09.901 --> 00:02:13.068 Horace Walpole. In the first edition, 41 00:02:13.068 --> 00:02:17.719 Walpole led his readers to believe that the source of his ... 42 00:02:17.719 --> 00:02:20.786 "story" was a medieval manuscript in ... 43 00:02:20.786 --> 00:02:23.556 Italian by one Onaphrio Muralto. 44 00:02:23.560 --> 00:02:27.465 It was not until the publication of the second ... 45 00:02:27.465 --> 00:02:32.192 edition in 1765 that Walpole came clean and admitted he ... 46 00:02:32.192 --> 00:02:35.480 had written the novel. Incidentally, 47 00:02:35.480 --> 00:02:40.413 a small change in the novel's subtitle - Walpole added the ... 48 00:02:40.413 --> 00:02:44.113 word "gothic" to describe the kind of story ... 49 00:02:44.113 --> 00:02:49.149 about to be told - became the name for the literary genre for ... 50 00:02:49.149 --> 00:02:53.157 future works written in this style and manner. 51 00:02:53.160 --> 00:02:55.382 Readers of Absalom, Absalom! 52 00:02:55.382 --> 00:02:59.560 are not likely to mistake Faulkner's text for a recently ... 53 00:02:59.560 --> 00:03:02.404 discovered manuscript from long ago, 54 00:03:02.404 --> 00:03:05.693 as Walpole's first readers did, but even so, 55 00:03:05.693 --> 00:03:10.048 there are certain aspects in Faulkner's novel that make it ... 56 00:03:10.048 --> 00:03:12.892 seem somehow more real or historical, 57 00:03:12.892 --> 00:03:15.381 less than a mere fictional story. 58 00:03:15.381 --> 00:03:18.581 As an aid to readers confused by the novel's ... 59 00:03:18.581 --> 00:03:22.403 convoluted story of Thomas Sutpen and his progeny, 60 00:03:22.403 --> 00:03:26.492 Faulkner included three supplements to his main text: 61 00:03:26.492 --> 00:03:29.603 a "chronology" of key events in the novel, 62 00:03:29.603 --> 00:03:32.803 a "genealogy" briefly describing the main ... 63 00:03:32.803 --> 00:03:35.736 characters, and most important of all, 64 00:03:35.736 --> 00:03:39.469 a map of Yoknapatawpha County identifying some of ... 65 00:03:39.469 --> 00:03:42.224 the locations of events in the novel. 66 00:03:42.224 --> 00:03:44.713 The map is significant, however, 67 00:03:44.713 --> 00:03:48.357 because it not only depicts events from Absalom; 68 00:03:48.357 --> 00:03:52.801 it also identifies locations of events from his previously ... 69 00:03:52.801 --> 00:03:56.712 published Yoknapatawpha novels and short stories. 70 00:03:56.720 --> 00:04:00.907 To learn more about Faulkner's cartographic skills, 71 00:04:00.907 --> 00:04:04.722 you may want to read an essay in DY on the subject of ... 72 00:04:04.722 --> 00:04:08.258 Faulkner and Maps. It can be found by clicking ... 73 00:04:08.258 --> 00:04:11.235 the top menu item for "Commentaries." 74 00:04:11.235 --> 00:04:15.143 This essay goes into some detail about the Absalom ... 75 00:04:15.143 --> 00:04:18.307 map and another one prepared for the 1946 ... 76 00:04:18.307 --> 00:04:22.122 "Portable Faulkner" published by Viking Press, 77 00:04:22.122 --> 00:04:26.588 and it highlights some of the ways Faulkner's apocryphal ... 78 00:04:26.588 --> 00:04:30.310 county resembles the actual Lafayette County, 79 00:04:30.310 --> 00:04:33.194 Mississippi, where Faulkner lived. 80 00:04:33.200 --> 00:04:36.941 On the main DY page, you can see links along the ... 81 00:04:36.941 --> 00:04:41.766 bottom for each of the novels and short stories set at least ... 82 00:04:41.766 --> 00:04:44.523 in part in Yoknapatawpha County, 83 00:04:44.523 --> 00:04:49.249 arranged chronologically by the order in which they were ... 84 00:04:49.249 --> 00:04:52.400 published. Links on this page can also ... 85 00:04:52.400 --> 00:04:56.535 display these texts alphabetically or separated ... 86 00:04:56.535 --> 00:05:00.079 by genre. Click the first-edition cover of ... 87 00:05:00.079 --> 00:05:04.116 the novel to open the DY page on Absalom, Absalom! 88 00:05:04.120 --> 00:05:08.031 The first thing you will notice as the page loads is a base ... 89 00:05:08.031 --> 00:05:10.111 map of Yoknapatawpha County, 90 00:05:10.111 --> 00:05:13.523 with some natural and human-created structures ... 91 00:05:13.523 --> 00:05:17.268 present along with a number of icons representing the ... 92 00:05:17.268 --> 00:05:19.515 locations of event in the novel. 93 00:05:19.515 --> 00:05:23.343 Controls allow you to turn on which features you want to ... 94 00:05:23.343 --> 00:05:25.506 see, but one important thing to ... 95 00:05:25.506 --> 00:05:29.251 realize is that much of the county has been grayed out: 96 00:05:29.251 --> 00:05:32.746 the only "finished" roads and natural features on ... 97 00:05:32.746 --> 00:05:35.409 the map are in the center of the county, 98 00:05:35.409 --> 00:05:39.237 near the town of Jefferson, and in the northwest corner ... 99 00:05:39.237 --> 00:05:42.732 of the county where Thomas Sutpen's plantation is ... 100 00:05:42.732 --> 00:05:44.479 located. In this regard, 101 00:05:44.479 --> 00:05:48.307 the map indicates at a glance which places in the county ... 102 00:05:48.307 --> 00:05:49.555 are significant. 103 00:05:49.560 --> 00:05:52.523 Inset maps for the region, the nation, 104 00:05:52.523 --> 00:05:56.968 and the world highlight additional locations for events ... 105 00:05:56.968 --> 00:05:58.727 in the novel. Of these, 106 00:05:58.727 --> 00:06:02.338 probably the most important is in the "nation" 107 00:06:02.338 --> 00:06:06.505 map for Harvard University, where Quentin spends the ... 108 00:06:06.505 --> 00:06:10.116 second half of the novel starting in Chapter 6. 109 00:06:10.120 --> 00:06:13.708 Along the bottom of the page can be seen a visual ... 110 00:06:13.708 --> 00:06:17.572 representation of the nine chapters in the novel, 111 00:06:17.572 --> 00:06:21.804 the width of each proportional to the number of pages in ... 112 00:06:21.804 --> 00:06:23.828 each one, and two "player" 113 00:06:23.828 --> 00:06:26.220 timelines which, when played, 114 00:06:26.220 --> 00:06:30.636 will represent visually the geographic location of each ... 115 00:06:30.636 --> 00:06:34.684 event and the approximate time at which it occurred. 116 00:06:34.684 --> 00:06:38.640 The two timelines offer you two ways of watching the ... 117 00:06:38.640 --> 00:06:42.780 novel's events "play": either linearly as the events ... 118 00:06:42.780 --> 00:06:45.264 unfold page by page in the novel, 119 00:06:45.264 --> 00:06:49.036 or chronologically as the events unfold in time. 120 00:06:49.040 --> 00:06:52.155 Hitting the "play" button for either one ... 121 00:06:52.155 --> 00:06:55.911 demonstrates almost immediately just how out of ... 122 00:06:55.911 --> 00:07:00.217 joint time is in this novel. The vertical black bar on the ... 123 00:07:00.217 --> 00:07:04.523 timeline represents the time at which the novel begins, 124 00:07:04.523 --> 00:07:08.004 in September 1909, but as the jumping back and ... 125 00:07:08.004 --> 00:07:10.569 forth on the timeline indicates, 126 00:07:10.569 --> 00:07:14.692 the Sutpen story Quentin is being told in this opening ... 127 00:07:14.692 --> 00:07:18.998 chapter very quickly goes back in time to Sutpen's first ... 128 00:07:18.998 --> 00:07:22.754 arrival in Yoknapatawpha some 70 years earlier. 129 00:07:22.760 --> 00:07:25.844 As events "play" in the timeline, 130 00:07:25.844 --> 00:07:29.809 heat maps appear on the map to offer a visual ... 131 00:07:29.809 --> 00:07:34.655 representation of how the events play out in various ... 132 00:07:34.655 --> 00:07:37.959 places within the county or beyond. 133 00:07:37.960 --> 00:07:42.113 If allowed to play, these timelines can provide a ... 134 00:07:42.113 --> 00:07:46.570 kind of snapshot overview of when and where events in ... 135 00:07:46.570 --> 00:07:50.521 the novel take place, but you can also choose to ... 136 00:07:50.521 --> 00:07:53.965 go through these timelines step by step, 137 00:07:53.965 --> 00:07:57.713 which allows greater precision and detail. 138 00:07:57.713 --> 00:08:02.778 Let's start by clicking the step icon for the chronological ... 139 00:08:02.778 --> 00:08:05.513 timeline. Doing so opens a popup ... 140 00:08:05.513 --> 00:08:09.869 window with the first eight to 10 words of the event, 141 00:08:09.869 --> 00:08:13.921 which you can then open to get more information. 142 00:08:13.921 --> 00:08:18.986 The earliest depicted event in the novel is of ships landing ... 143 00:08:18.986 --> 00:08:23.240 in Jamestown from the Old Bailey sometime between ... 144 00:08:23.240 --> 00:08:26.988 1730 and 1770, well before the next earliest ... 145 00:08:26.988 --> 00:08:30.635 event in 1808 when Sutpen was still a child. 146 00:08:30.640 --> 00:08:35.168 The timelines demonstrate the fluidity of time as well as ... 147 00:08:35.168 --> 00:08:39.224 the preoccupation with the past that is a key gothic ... 148 00:08:39.224 --> 00:08:43.092 attribute of this novel. I would encourage you to ... 149 00:08:43.092 --> 00:08:47.148 play with these timelines and use them with your own ... 150 00:08:47.148 --> 00:08:50.733 reading of the novel to understand how events ... 151 00:08:50.733 --> 00:08:52.997 unfold in the novel. You can, 152 00:08:52.997 --> 00:08:56.487 for instance, click on a particular chapter ... 153 00:08:56.487 --> 00:08:59.505 to focus on just that part of the novel, 154 00:08:59.505 --> 00:09:02.618 or you can manually move the "scrubber" 155 00:09:02.618 --> 00:09:07.995 for either player to see the shifts in time and location in the novel. 156 00:09:08.000 --> 00:09:10.721 Next, let's look at how DY captures ... 157 00:09:10.721 --> 00:09:14.193 information about characters in the novel. 158 00:09:14.193 --> 00:09:17.477 On the control panel, you have the power to ... 159 00:09:17.477 --> 00:09:21.887 choose which characters will be represented on the map, 160 00:09:21.887 --> 00:09:26.203 ranging from just major characters to all characters. 161 00:09:26.203 --> 00:09:29.956 This is what a view of ALL characters looks like. 162 00:09:29.960 --> 00:09:34.029 This is a view of just Major and Secondary characters. 163 00:09:34.029 --> 00:09:38.188 And this is a view of just the characters deemed by the DY ... 164 00:09:38.188 --> 00:09:40.539 editors as "major. By default, 165 00:09:40.539 --> 00:09:44.246 characters show up on the map near the location in ... 166 00:09:44.246 --> 00:09:46.777 which they are first referenced, 167 00:09:46.777 --> 00:09:50.122 even if they happen to originate from or even ... 168 00:09:50.122 --> 00:09:53.558 actually be somewhere else during the event. 169 00:09:53.558 --> 00:09:54.914 You can, however, 170 00:09:54.914 --> 00:09:58.350 remedy some of that confusion by clicking the ... 171 00:09:58.350 --> 00:09:59.525 "home" option; 172 00:09:59.525 --> 00:10:03.684 this will move character icons whose homes are known to ... 173 00:10:03.684 --> 00:10:07.481 those approximate locations. All of the Sutpens, 174 00:10:07.481 --> 00:10:10.645 for instance, are moved to the vicinity of ... 175 00:10:10.645 --> 00:10:14.352 Sutpen's Hundred in the northwest of the county. 176 00:10:14.360 --> 00:10:18.762 Each character icon is visually rendered to reveal at ... 177 00:10:18.762 --> 00:10:22.479 a glance the gender or race of that character, 178 00:10:22.479 --> 00:10:25.316 or if it is plural character group. 179 00:10:25.316 --> 00:10:29.033 The enslaved people on Sutpen's plantation, 180 00:10:29.033 --> 00:10:32.555 for instance, can easily be distinguished ... 181 00:10:32.555 --> 00:10:35.490 from the whites in Sutpen's family, 182 00:10:35.490 --> 00:10:40.088 and even those of mixed race heritage can be discerned by ... 183 00:10:40.088 --> 00:10:43.023 the icons. Since miscegenation and ... 184 00:10:43.023 --> 00:10:47.132 racial lineage are important themes in the novel, 185 00:10:47.132 --> 00:10:51.436 DY allows you to identify these characters quickly. 186 00:10:51.440 --> 00:10:54.698 By clicking on an individual character icon, 187 00:10:54.698 --> 00:10:57.613 you can learn more about that character. 188 00:10:57.613 --> 00:11:01.129 Of most obvious interest is the brief bio for each ... 189 00:11:01.129 --> 00:11:03.616 character, and these can identify ... 190 00:11:03.616 --> 00:11:07.989 information important for a gothic literary analysis of the ... 191 00:11:07.989 --> 00:11:10.390 novel. By clicking on the icon for ... 192 00:11:10.390 --> 00:11:12.534 Thomas Sutpen, for instance, 193 00:11:12.534 --> 00:11:15.964 you can get a precise overview of his life and why ... 194 00:11:15.964 --> 00:11:18.193 he is so important in the novel. 195 00:11:18.193 --> 00:11:22.138 The ending of the Sutpen bio is a clear indication of one ... 196 00:11:22.138 --> 00:11:24.024 reason Absalom, Absalom! 197 00:11:24.024 --> 00:11:26.682 is a gothic novel: "Sutpen's design, 198 00:11:26.682 --> 00:11:30.627 to revenge himself upon the plantation aristocracy by ... 199 00:11:30.627 --> 00:11:33.885 creating an aristocratic dynasty of his own, 200 00:11:33.885 --> 00:11:36.457 fails - tragically, or ironically, 201 00:11:36.457 --> 00:11:39.973 or perhaps even justly. But his legacy remains to ... 202 00:11:39.973 --> 00:11:43.231 haunt the characters who inherit his story." 203 00:11:43.240 --> 00:11:47.216 In addition to the bio, each character box includes ... 204 00:11:47.216 --> 00:11:51.469 other information that may prove helpful from a gothic ... 205 00:11:51.469 --> 00:11:55.260 literary point of view. The events in the novel in ... 206 00:11:55.260 --> 00:11:59.606 which the character appears or is mentioned are listed, 207 00:11:59.606 --> 00:12:02.565 for instance, and there are other data ... 208 00:12:02.565 --> 00:12:05.431 points, including dates of birth and ... 209 00:12:05.431 --> 00:12:08.297 death when known and causes of death, 210 00:12:08.297 --> 00:12:13.475 that could prove useful in an analysis of the novel as a gothic text. 211 00:12:13.480 --> 00:12:16.170 Next, let's turn our attention to ... 212 00:12:16.170 --> 00:12:20.398 locations in the novel. Since one of the hallmarks of ... 213 00:12:20.398 --> 00:12:23.088 gothic literature is a "haunted" 214 00:12:23.088 --> 00:12:26.643 castle or mansion, perhaps the most obvious ... 215 00:12:26.643 --> 00:12:30.390 place to begin is the Sutpen plantation house, 216 00:12:30.390 --> 00:12:35.386 first seen in many editions of the novel in the illustration on ... 217 00:12:35.386 --> 00:12:39.614 the cover or dust jacket. In DY's introduction to the ... 218 00:12:39.614 --> 00:12:42.112 novel, which can be accessed by ... 219 00:12:42.112 --> 00:12:46.532 clicking the title box, you will learn that Faulkner's ... 220 00:12:46.532 --> 00:12:51.048 working title for this novel was the same as his original ... 221 00:12:51.048 --> 00:12:54.315 title for Light in August: "Dark House." 222 00:12:54.320 --> 00:12:58.721 To view all the locations within proximity of Sutpen's ... 223 00:12:58.721 --> 00:13:02.165 mansion in the northwest corner of the map, 224 00:13:02.165 --> 00:13:05.418 you can use the control to zoom in closer. 225 00:13:05.418 --> 00:13:08.097 Each location, as with events and ... 226 00:13:08.097 --> 00:13:11.445 characters, features a description of it ... 227 00:13:11.445 --> 00:13:14.124 along with relevant data points. 228 00:13:14.124 --> 00:13:18.908 The description of the Sutpen plantation house highlights ... 229 00:13:18.908 --> 00:13:21.874 its opulence, but more important in a ... 230 00:13:21.874 --> 00:13:24.935 gothic reading of the novel, perhaps, 231 00:13:24.935 --> 00:13:30.197 is the eventual dissolution and destruction of the house by fire. 232 00:13:30.200 --> 00:13:34.520 In addition to the house itself, the area is riddled with other ... 233 00:13:34.520 --> 00:13:38.757 locations that were either the scene of incredible violence ... 234 00:13:38.757 --> 00:13:41.249 or now hold the consequences of such ... 235 00:13:41.249 --> 00:13:43.741 violence: These include the stable ... 236 00:13:43.741 --> 00:13:47.147 where Thomas Sutpen wrestled with his slaves for ... 237 00:13:47.147 --> 00:13:49.889 an audience, the plantation gate where ... 238 00:13:49.889 --> 00:13:52.298 Henry shot and killed Charles Bon, 239 00:13:52.298 --> 00:13:55.870 and the fishing camp where Wash Jones killed Thomas ... 240 00:13:55.870 --> 00:13:59.609 Sutpen (and later lost his own life after the murder of ... 241 00:13:59.609 --> 00:14:02.434 his grand- and great-grand-daughter). 242 00:14:02.440 --> 00:14:05.682 And of course there is also the Sutpen cemetery, 243 00:14:05.682 --> 00:14:08.762 where so many of the Sutpen family are buried, 244 00:14:08.762 --> 00:14:11.112 including Charles Bon and his son, 245 00:14:11.112 --> 00:14:13.300 Charles Etienne St. Velery Bon. 246 00:14:13.300 --> 00:14:16.866 The gothic significance of the cemetery is made more ... 247 00:14:16.866 --> 00:14:19.946 concrete in the description of the cemetery: 248 00:14:19.946 --> 00:14:24.080 "The epitaphs are notable for what they clarify (including a ... 249 00:14:24.080 --> 00:14:27.646 number of specific dates), what they misrepresent, 250 00:14:27.646 --> 00:14:30.888 and what they leave out about the relationships ... 251 00:14:30.888 --> 00:14:32.914 among the dead who lie there." 252 00:14:32.920 --> 00:14:35.377 The DY page on Absalom, Absalom! 253 00:14:35.377 --> 00:14:39.745 provides a lot of information that could prove helpful to ... 254 00:14:39.745 --> 00:14:44.113 use with the novel for a close analysis or reading of it as a ... 255 00:14:44.113 --> 00:14:47.662 gothic literary text, but I will conclude this ... 256 00:14:47.662 --> 00:14:51.666 overview by demonstrating how you might use several ... 257 00:14:51.666 --> 00:14:55.761 additional DY tools for a deeper dive into this novel: 258 00:14:55.761 --> 00:14:59.037 the Visualizations tab and the Search tab. 259 00:14:59.040 --> 00:15:01.200 First, visualizations. 260 00:15:01.200 --> 00:15:06.137 Clicking this reveals several other ways of visualizing ... 261 00:15:06.137 --> 00:15:10.045 Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha, even some period ... 262 00:15:10.045 --> 00:15:14.879 photographs of the world Faulkner attempted to create, 263 00:15:14.879 --> 00:15:19.919 but I want to focus here on the Character-Character graph. 264 00:15:19.920 --> 00:15:23.746 Start first by narrowing your focus to Absalom, 265 00:15:23.746 --> 00:15:26.711 Absalom! If you click Search without ... 266 00:15:26.711 --> 00:15:29.389 setting any further parameters, 267 00:15:29.389 --> 00:15:33.789 you will see an intricate web of character connections ... 268 00:15:33.789 --> 00:15:37.710 showing characters who shared at least one event ... 269 00:15:37.710 --> 00:15:39.718 with another character. 270 00:15:39.720 --> 00:15:44.730 I am going to contrain these results to make them more ... 271 00:15:44.730 --> 00:15:48.032 manageable by choosing the "rank" 272 00:15:48.032 --> 00:15:52.359 option and opting for just major characters. 273 00:15:52.360 --> 00:15:54.317 The result, as you can see, 274 00:15:54.317 --> 00:15:58.231 shows connections between key members of the Sutpen ... 275 00:15:58.231 --> 00:15:59.832 family, Charles Bon, 276 00:15:59.832 --> 00:16:03.390 and our contemporary characters of Quentin and ... 277 00:16:03.390 --> 00:16:05.792 Shreve. From your reading of the ... 278 00:16:05.792 --> 00:16:08.461 novel, you are probably aware of the ... 279 00:16:08.461 --> 00:16:12.998 various levels of "doubling," especially in the second half ... 280 00:16:12.998 --> 00:16:16.022 of the novel, between Quentin and Shreve ... 281 00:16:16.022 --> 00:16:19.313 and Henry and Bon. By examining the relative ... 282 00:16:19.313 --> 00:16:22.960 weights of the connections between characters, 283 00:16:22.960 --> 00:16:26.696 you can clearly see a strong bond (no pun intended) ... 284 00:16:26.696 --> 00:16:31.233 between Henry and Bon, as well as between Quentin and Shreve. 285 00:16:31.240 --> 00:16:35.359 The final technique I want to demonstrate here is DY's ... 286 00:16:35.359 --> 00:16:39.112 powerful "Search" engine to locate characters, 287 00:16:39.112 --> 00:16:40.942 locations, and events, 288 00:16:40.942 --> 00:16:45.244 from this novel and others, that meet certain criteria. 289 00:16:45.244 --> 00:16:47.441 I am going to choose "Events" 290 00:16:47.441 --> 00:16:51.377 for this demonstration, though this can be used for ... 291 00:16:51.377 --> 00:16:53.757 locations and characters too. 292 00:16:53.760 --> 00:16:57.173 First, you can narrow your results ... 293 00:16:57.173 --> 00:17:00.940 to just Absalom. If you are looking for ... 294 00:17:00.940 --> 00:17:04.707 connections to other Faulkner texts, 295 00:17:04.707 --> 00:17:08.238 of course, you can leave this blank. 296 00:17:08.240 --> 00:17:12.551 Clicking search without setting any other parameters ... 297 00:17:12.551 --> 00:17:16.301 will result in a list of every event in the novel, 298 00:17:16.301 --> 00:17:18.926 ordered linearly by page number. 299 00:17:18.926 --> 00:17:22.583 You can use this list alongside your own copy of ... 300 00:17:22.583 --> 00:17:26.425 the novel to look up commentary for virtually any ... 301 00:17:26.425 --> 00:17:29.426 passage in the novel, though be aware, 302 00:17:29.426 --> 00:17:34.113 DY's data covers just the nine chapters of the novel proper; 303 00:17:34.113 --> 00:17:37.113 it does not include the ancillary map, 304 00:17:37.113 --> 00:17:40.956 genealogy, or chronology at the back of the book. 305 00:17:40.960 --> 00:17:43.724 By adding parameters to the search, 306 00:17:43.724 --> 00:17:47.963 you can limit your results to just events that meet your ... 307 00:17:47.963 --> 00:17:52.386 research or analytical needs. One of the ways I have found ... 308 00:17:52.386 --> 00:17:56.164 most helpful is to use the keywords search to find ... 309 00:17:56.164 --> 00:17:58.928 events that meet certain criteria. 310 00:17:58.928 --> 00:18:02.429 You can see listed the six broad areas in which ... 311 00:18:02.429 --> 00:18:05.470 Faulkner's texts have been keyworded: 312 00:18:05.470 --> 00:18:07.405 Environments, Actions, 313 00:18:07.405 --> 00:18:10.261 Cultural Issues, Themes and Motifs, 314 00:18:10.261 --> 00:18:12.841 Relationships, and Aesthetics. 315 00:18:12.841 --> 00:18:16.895 Each of these has a number of second- and third-level ... 316 00:18:16.895 --> 00:18:20.212 subcategories that you can use to "browse" 317 00:18:20.212 --> 00:18:23.713 Faulkner's fiction for any number of themes, 318 00:18:23.713 --> 00:18:26.754 motifs, or ideas you might have in mind. 319 00:18:26.760 --> 00:18:33.865 You can also use the various text boxes to search for ... 320 00:18:33.865 --> 00:18:38.822 matches. DY's robust search engine ... 321 00:18:38.822 --> 00:18:46.422 will locate events with some variation on whatever you ... 322 00:18:46.422 --> 00:18:50.222 type in, whether in an event ... 323 00:18:50.222 --> 00:18:55.674 summary, character or location names, 324 00:18:55.674 --> 00:18:58.317 or event keywords. 325 00:18:58.320 --> 00:19:00.176 Well, there you have it: 326 00:19:00.176 --> 00:19:04.166 Just a few ways you can use Digital Yoknapatawpha to ... 327 00:19:04.166 --> 00:19:08.063 further explore the fiction of William Faulkner. 328 00:19:08.063 --> 00:19:11.682 All of us on the DY team encourage you to make use ... 329 00:19:11.682 --> 00:19:14.466 of this resource and try things out. 330 00:19:14.466 --> 00:19:17.157 Thank you for watching this video.