WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:04.590 align:middle line:84% The various icons on these maps represent the 82 locations 00:00:04.590 --> 00:00:06.630 align:middle line:84% that are mentioned or used as settings 00:00:06.630 --> 00:00:08.760 align:middle line:90% in The Sound and the Fury. 00:00:08.760 --> 00:00:11.790 align:middle line:84% In this demo, we're going to focus on the first section-- 00:00:11.790 --> 00:00:17.350 align:middle line:84% Benjy's section, so I'll use the limit by section option 00:00:17.350 --> 00:00:20.830 align:middle line:84% and repost the novel to display just the locations 00:00:20.830 --> 00:00:25.170 align:middle line:84% and events and characters that appear in the first section. 00:00:25.170 --> 00:00:27.690 align:middle line:84% As you can see, most of the locations 00:00:27.690 --> 00:00:30.990 align:middle line:84% have disappeared, which helps us appreciate 00:00:30.990 --> 00:00:33.780 align:middle line:90% how small Benjy's world is. 00:00:33.780 --> 00:00:38.310 align:middle line:84% If I ask the program to display all the events in this section, 00:00:38.310 --> 00:00:42.030 align:middle line:84% it's easy to see how confined Benjy's life is 00:00:42.030 --> 00:00:45.660 align:middle line:84% by that fence around the Compson place. 00:00:45.660 --> 00:00:49.320 align:middle line:84% The other constraint on Benjy is his mental disability, 00:00:49.320 --> 00:00:52.530 align:middle line:84% the fact that his severely limited mind cannot understand 00:00:52.530 --> 00:00:55.080 align:middle line:84% most of what is happening to him, 00:00:55.080 --> 00:00:58.140 align:middle line:84% which is also what makes his section so hard for first time 00:00:58.140 --> 00:01:01.050 align:middle line:90% readers to understand too. 00:01:01.050 --> 00:01:03.610 align:middle line:84% But Faulkner isn't just being difficult. 00:01:03.610 --> 00:01:06.480 align:middle line:84% By beginning the novel inside Benjy's consciousness, 00:01:06.480 --> 00:01:09.810 align:middle line:84% he makes us feel what reality as a sound and the fury 00:01:09.810 --> 00:01:12.890 align:middle line:84% that signifies nothingness is like. 00:01:12.890 --> 00:01:17.140 align:middle line:84% And if we look at all the purple on the timeline below the map, 00:01:17.140 --> 00:01:21.480 align:middle line:84% we can see how, while Benjy's world is very limited in space, 00:01:21.480 --> 00:01:25.110 align:middle line:90% it's larger or deeper in time. 00:01:25.110 --> 00:01:27.390 align:middle line:84% The vertical line across the timeline 00:01:27.390 --> 00:01:29.910 align:middle line:84% indicates when his section begins-- 00:01:29.910 --> 00:01:33.270 align:middle line:84% the Saturday before Easter in 1928. 00:01:33.270 --> 00:01:37.230 align:middle line:84% Benjy's narrative never moves forward beyond April 7. 00:01:37.230 --> 00:01:40.470 align:middle line:84% But by way of his memories, it repeatedly 00:01:40.470 --> 00:01:43.720 align:middle line:90% moves back into the past. 00:01:43.720 --> 00:01:48.550 align:middle line:84% And if I clear the map and use the Next Event option 00:01:48.550 --> 00:01:52.060 align:middle line:84% to play just the novel's first three events, 00:01:52.060 --> 00:01:56.620 align:middle line:84% we'll see how space and time are connected in Benjy's mind. 00:01:56.620 --> 00:01:59.020 align:middle line:84% Clicking that Next Event arrow displays 00:01:59.020 --> 00:02:00.790 align:middle line:90% the novel's first event-- 00:02:00.790 --> 00:02:04.090 align:middle line:84% Benjy and Luster standing at the fence. 00:02:04.090 --> 00:02:05.920 align:middle line:90% Benjy is watching the golfers. 00:02:05.920 --> 00:02:08.560 align:middle line:84% Luster is looking for the quarter he lost. 00:02:08.560 --> 00:02:10.990 align:middle line:84% As you can see, events are red when they first 00:02:10.990 --> 00:02:15.830 align:middle line:84% appear on the map and on the timeline 00:02:15.830 --> 00:02:19.570 align:middle line:84% and then turn purple as a new event appears. 00:02:19.570 --> 00:02:21.670 align:middle line:84% So this is the novel's second event. 00:02:21.670 --> 00:02:24.280 align:middle line:84% As Luster takes Benjy to another fence-- 00:02:24.280 --> 00:02:27.580 align:middle line:84% the garden fence-- where Benjy gets snagged on a nail 00:02:27.580 --> 00:02:30.700 align:middle line:84% as he tries to crawl through a hole in the fence. 00:02:30.700 --> 00:02:34.690 align:middle line:84% Note the box in the upper right hand corner, which displays 00:02:34.690 --> 00:02:36.790 align:middle line:90% the first words of the event. 00:02:36.790 --> 00:02:40.930 align:middle line:84% You can find out more about an event by clicking on this link 00:02:40.930 --> 00:02:47.120 align:middle line:84% or on the red splash on the map or on the red on the timeline. 00:02:47.120 --> 00:02:50.750 align:middle line:84% But if we click forward to the novel's third event, 00:02:50.750 --> 00:02:55.070 align:middle line:84% you'll see the point I'm trying to make about space and time. 00:02:55.070 --> 00:02:57.410 align:middle line:84% We're still at the same point in space-- 00:02:57.410 --> 00:02:59.780 align:middle line:90% the hole in the garden fence. 00:02:59.780 --> 00:03:04.250 align:middle line:84% But Benjy's mind has jumped back 25 years earlier in time, 00:03:04.250 --> 00:03:07.430 align:middle line:84% as you can see by the red on the timeline. 00:03:07.430 --> 00:03:10.820 align:middle line:84% Getting caught on a nail in 1928 has set off 00:03:10.820 --> 00:03:14.270 align:middle line:84% a memory of the time he and Caddy went through the fence 00:03:14.270 --> 00:03:19.600 align:middle line:90% in 1903, and Caddy uncaught him. 00:03:19.600 --> 00:03:21.710 align:middle line:84% This is the way Benjy's mind works, 00:03:21.710 --> 00:03:24.970 align:middle line:84% and so it's the narrative pattern of section 1. 00:03:24.970 --> 00:03:27.730 align:middle line:84% If I keep playing the events, we can 00:03:27.730 --> 00:03:31.780 align:middle line:84% see how two events later, Luster's words bring Benjy's 00:03:31.780 --> 00:03:34.210 align:middle line:90% mind back to the present. 00:03:34.210 --> 00:03:36.610 align:middle line:84% Whenever Luster appears in Benjy's section, 00:03:36.610 --> 00:03:40.300 align:middle line:84% it's the Saturday before Easter in 1928. 00:03:40.300 --> 00:03:43.900 align:middle line:84% But again and again, Benjy's memories 00:03:43.900 --> 00:03:50.390 align:middle line:84% keep taking him back to events that occurred years earlier. 00:03:50.390 --> 00:03:51.470 align:middle line:90% It's a lot to look at. 00:03:51.470 --> 00:03:55.760 align:middle line:84% But note that on the map, Luster keeps leading Benjy forward 00:03:55.760 --> 00:03:58.460 align:middle line:90% around the Compson place. 00:03:58.460 --> 00:04:00.230 align:middle line:84% And above the timeline, you can see 00:04:00.230 --> 00:04:06.150 align:middle line:84% how the novel too keeps moving forward from page to page. 00:04:06.150 --> 00:04:10.130 align:middle line:84% But as you can see from the slider below the timeline, 00:04:10.130 --> 00:04:13.520 align:middle line:84% chronologically, Benjy's mind moves forward and backward 00:04:13.520 --> 00:04:17.600 align:middle line:84% in time as different physical sensations-- 00:04:17.600 --> 00:04:21.019 align:middle line:84% first, getting snagged on the nail, then seeing the barn 00:04:21.019 --> 00:04:22.130 align:middle line:90% and so on-- 00:04:22.130 --> 00:04:27.230 align:middle line:84% recall past moments, which Benjy keeps experiencing as if they 00:04:27.230 --> 00:04:29.720 align:middle line:90% were happening all over again. 00:04:29.720 --> 00:04:33.590 align:middle line:84% The contrast between the way these two sliders move-- 00:04:33.590 --> 00:04:36.890 align:middle line:84% the novel goes forward, but in his consciousness, 00:04:36.890 --> 00:04:41.390 align:middle line:84% Benjy keeps reliving various episodes in his past-- 00:04:41.390 --> 00:04:44.360 align:middle line:84% provides a visual demonstration of the way 00:04:44.360 --> 00:04:47.930 align:middle line:84% Faulkner's narrative technique dramatizes how the present 00:04:47.930 --> 00:04:51.150 align:middle line:90% is saturated with the past. 00:04:51.150 --> 00:04:54.030 align:middle line:84% This, of course, is one of Faulkner's great themes 00:04:54.030 --> 00:04:56.660 align:middle line:90% as a writer. 00:04:56.660 --> 00:05:00.080 align:middle line:84% I've stopped at this point with Benjy and Luster 00:05:00.080 --> 00:05:02.990 align:middle line:84% at the branch, the creek, while Luster 00:05:02.990 --> 00:05:05.210 align:middle line:84% talks with the women who are washing clothes 00:05:05.210 --> 00:05:09.740 align:middle line:84% there about it being Benjy's 33rd birthday, Benjy steps 00:05:09.740 --> 00:05:11.940 align:middle line:90% into the water. 00:05:11.940 --> 00:05:15.360 align:middle line:84% This time, it's getting wet that is the physical sensation that 00:05:15.360 --> 00:05:19.250 align:middle line:84% fires off a memory of the day in 1898 00:05:19.250 --> 00:05:23.100 align:middle line:84% when Damuddy, the Compson kids' grandmother, died. 00:05:23.100 --> 00:05:26.340 align:middle line:84% It's also when Caddy got her underpants muddy in that creek 00:05:26.340 --> 00:05:30.000 align:middle line:84% and then climbed the tree to see what the grown-ups were doing. 00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:34.620 align:middle line:84% Note how far to the left the chronological slider is. 00:05:34.620 --> 00:05:37.380 align:middle line:84% Benjy is only three years old in 1898, 00:05:37.380 --> 00:05:41.400 align:middle line:84% and this is the earliest of all his memories. 00:05:41.400 --> 00:05:43.080 align:middle line:84% It's also the moment that his mind 00:05:43.080 --> 00:05:45.660 align:middle line:90% returns to most frequently. 00:05:45.660 --> 00:05:49.170 align:middle line:84% Between this point, page 17, and the end 00:05:49.170 --> 00:05:52.830 align:middle line:84% of his section on page 75, Benjy will remember 00:05:52.830 --> 00:05:56.520 align:middle line:90% parts of this event 20 times. 00:05:56.520 --> 00:05:59.040 align:middle line:84% I want to use one other function of the project, one 00:05:59.040 --> 00:06:01.110 align:middle line:84% of its search engines, to show you 00:06:01.110 --> 00:06:03.090 align:middle line:84% something about this that surprised me 00:06:03.090 --> 00:06:05.560 align:middle line:90% the first time I saw it. 00:06:05.560 --> 00:06:08.680 align:middle line:84% So from the Search options, we'll choose Search Events. 00:06:08.680 --> 00:06:13.020 align:middle line:84% And from the texts, we'll choose The Sound and the Fury. 00:06:13.020 --> 00:06:16.080 align:middle line:84% And we'll do a date search in The Sound and the Fury 00:06:16.080 --> 00:06:19.930 align:middle line:90% for 1898. 00:06:19.930 --> 00:06:24.760 align:middle line:84% When I hit Search, the engine returns the list of links 00:06:24.760 --> 00:06:30.040 align:middle line:84% to all the events in the novel that take place in 1898. 00:06:30.040 --> 00:06:33.700 align:middle line:84% The last three on this list are from other parts of the novel. 00:06:33.700 --> 00:06:40.100 align:middle line:84% But these first 20 events are all in Benjy's section. 00:06:40.100 --> 00:06:44.380 align:middle line:84% And we can use the Map It function to bring up a new map, 00:06:44.380 --> 00:06:48.980 align:middle line:84% one curated to display just the data this search returns-- 00:06:48.980 --> 00:06:53.620 align:middle line:84% just the events in the novel that take place in 1898. 00:06:53.620 --> 00:06:56.360 align:middle line:84% And now when I click through the events, 00:06:56.360 --> 00:06:58.400 align:middle line:84% you can see something really interesting 00:06:58.400 --> 00:07:02.170 align:middle line:90% happened with the sliders. 00:07:02.170 --> 00:07:07.350 align:middle line:84% They move together from left to right, 00:07:07.350 --> 00:07:09.360 align:middle line:90% each in its ordered place-- 00:07:09.360 --> 00:07:13.100 align:middle line:84% to quote the last line of the novel. 00:07:13.100 --> 00:07:16.670 align:middle line:84% Benjy's section sure feels like chaos at first. 00:07:16.670 --> 00:07:20.150 align:middle line:84% But in fact, Faulkner actually organizes Benjy's memories 00:07:20.150 --> 00:07:27.330 align:middle line:84% of this day 30 years earlier in chronological, narrative order. 00:07:27.330 --> 00:07:30.230 align:middle line:84% In other words, out of the chaos of life, 00:07:30.230 --> 00:07:34.170 align:middle line:84% the artist can create order in the work of art. 00:07:34.170 --> 00:07:38.030 align:middle line:84% This is one of the great themes of the novel.