WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.480 align:middle line:84% In this video, I'll use Faulkner's first Yoknapatawpha 00:00:03.480 --> 00:00:06.300 align:middle line:84% fiction, Flags in the Dust, to show 00:00:06.300 --> 00:00:10.140 align:middle line:84% how you can use our maps to explore any of the 68 novels 00:00:10.140 --> 00:00:13.530 align:middle line:84% and stories he set in his mythical county. 00:00:13.530 --> 00:00:15.740 align:middle line:84% Our representations of Yoknapatawpha 00:00:15.740 --> 00:00:19.440 align:middle line:84% are based on the two maps that Faulkner himself created 00:00:19.440 --> 00:00:23.250 align:middle line:84% but each text has its own map customized to reflect the way 00:00:23.250 --> 00:00:25.770 align:middle line:84% Faulkner recreated his world each time 00:00:25.770 --> 00:00:28.950 align:middle line:84% he returned to it changing Yoknapatawpha 00:00:28.950 --> 00:00:32.610 align:middle line:84% to serve the changing needs of his imagination. 00:00:32.610 --> 00:00:35.040 align:middle line:84% The three smaller maps on the right, 00:00:35.040 --> 00:00:38.880 align:middle line:84% allow us to represent the places outside Yoknapatawpha 00:00:38.880 --> 00:00:42.450 align:middle line:84% that appear in-- or are mentioned in the text 00:00:42.450 --> 00:00:45.210 align:middle line:84% and show how Faulkner located his mythical county 00:00:45.210 --> 00:00:47.970 align:middle line:84% in the context of the larger world, which 00:00:47.970 --> 00:00:50.700 align:middle line:90% also changed with each text. 00:00:50.700 --> 00:00:52.620 align:middle line:84% By clicking on the title box, you 00:00:52.620 --> 00:00:55.470 align:middle line:84% can pop up information about the text 00:00:55.470 --> 00:00:57.840 align:middle line:84% and about the scholars who edited it. 00:00:57.840 --> 00:01:00.630 align:middle line:84% When appropriate, the note includes a discussion 00:01:00.630 --> 00:01:04.140 align:middle line:84% of the choices we made about dating and mapping the text. 00:01:04.140 --> 00:01:07.200 align:middle line:84% Here for example, why our representation 00:01:07.200 --> 00:01:10.230 align:middle line:84% of the river at the northern end of the county 00:01:10.230 --> 00:01:12.960 align:middle line:84% differs from those maps that Faulkner drew. 00:01:12.960 --> 00:01:16.140 align:middle line:84% Just about everything on our map is clickable. 00:01:16.140 --> 00:01:18.750 align:middle line:84% And the pop-ups allow you to drill down 00:01:18.750 --> 00:01:22.020 align:middle line:84% through the display to our databases. 00:01:22.020 --> 00:01:24.210 align:middle line:84% For example I'll move the cursor over 00:01:24.210 --> 00:01:29.700 align:middle line:84% to the Sartoris plantation, four miles north of Jefferson. 00:01:29.700 --> 00:01:32.730 align:middle line:84% Clicking on the icon, pops up a description 00:01:32.730 --> 00:01:36.440 align:middle line:84% of the location along with other information about it. 00:01:36.440 --> 00:01:38.160 align:middle line:84% For instance, the category called 00:01:38.160 --> 00:01:41.760 align:middle line:84% authority explains how the editors decided where 00:01:41.760 --> 00:01:44.460 align:middle line:90% to put a location on a map. 00:01:44.460 --> 00:01:47.580 align:middle line:84% In this case, Faulkner's own maps marked the spot which 00:01:47.580 --> 00:01:50.850 align:middle line:84% Colonel's-- where Colonel Sartoris built and rebuilt his 00:01:50.850 --> 00:01:52.990 align:middle line:90% mansion. 00:01:52.990 --> 00:01:55.480 align:middle line:84% The characters tab lists everyone 00:01:55.480 --> 00:01:59.170 align:middle line:84% that the narrative associates with a particular location. 00:01:59.170 --> 00:02:01.060 align:middle line:84% And under the events tab, you'll find 00:02:01.060 --> 00:02:03.700 align:middle line:84% a list of all the scenes in this text that 00:02:03.700 --> 00:02:05.860 align:middle line:90% are set at the location. 00:02:05.860 --> 00:02:09.940 align:middle line:84% Events are identified by page numbers keyed to the corrected 00:02:09.940 --> 00:02:13.030 align:middle line:84% texts published by Viking international 00:02:13.030 --> 00:02:14.800 align:middle line:90% and their first words. 00:02:14.800 --> 00:02:19.360 align:middle line:84% By clicking on these texts, you can bring up more information 00:02:19.360 --> 00:02:21.040 align:middle line:90% about each event. 00:02:21.040 --> 00:02:25.090 align:middle line:84% You can also explore how a particular location appears 00:02:25.090 --> 00:02:31.390 align:middle line:84% throughout the texts by clicking on the view cumulative location 00:02:31.390 --> 00:02:32.800 align:middle line:90% data. 00:02:32.800 --> 00:02:35.800 align:middle line:84% Faulkner's imagination returns to the Sartoris place 00:02:35.800 --> 00:02:40.840 align:middle line:84% for example in 14 more texts and this pop-up 00:02:40.840 --> 00:02:43.610 align:middle line:90% brings them all together. 00:02:43.610 --> 00:02:47.330 align:middle line:84% Approximate way to measure how important a location is 00:02:47.330 --> 00:02:50.420 align:middle line:84% as a setting, is to use the heat map button 00:02:50.420 --> 00:02:52.850 align:middle line:90% on the display controls box. 00:02:52.850 --> 00:02:56.090 align:middle line:84% The brighter and hotter the color, the more time 00:02:56.090 --> 00:02:58.700 align:middle line:90% the narrative spends in a place. 00:02:58.700 --> 00:03:02.090 align:middle line:84% Locations is one of the three big categories into which we 00:03:02.090 --> 00:03:03.830 align:middle line:90% organize the fictions. 00:03:03.830 --> 00:03:07.370 align:middle line:84% The other two are characters and events. 00:03:07.370 --> 00:03:12.080 align:middle line:84% Use the control panel to select which elements to display. 00:03:12.080 --> 00:03:15.410 align:middle line:84% With locations for example, you can turn on and off 00:03:15.410 --> 00:03:19.610 align:middle line:84% the different map layers, locations, 00:03:19.610 --> 00:03:23.390 align:middle line:84% the sites that appear in the story, man-made features-- 00:03:23.390 --> 00:03:25.910 align:middle line:84% roads, cultivated fields and so on-- 00:03:25.910 --> 00:03:29.900 align:middle line:84% and natural features-- woods, water, and hills. 00:03:29.900 --> 00:03:33.020 align:middle line:84% You can also identify just the locations 00:03:33.020 --> 00:03:36.010 align:middle line:90% where events take place. 00:03:36.010 --> 00:03:39.310 align:middle line:84% Turning to characters, you can display them in multiple ways 00:03:39.310 --> 00:03:40.240 align:middle line:90% too. 00:03:40.240 --> 00:03:44.830 align:middle line:84% By selecting the all option, you can see them in the aggregate. 00:03:44.830 --> 00:03:50.080 align:middle line:84% In Flags, this adds up to 283 named and unnamed individuals 00:03:50.080 --> 00:03:51.460 align:middle line:90% and groups. 00:03:51.460 --> 00:03:53.650 align:middle line:84% Show all can be a bit overwhelming 00:03:53.650 --> 00:03:56.590 align:middle line:84% but it's one way to visualize demographic patterns 00:03:56.590 --> 00:03:59.470 align:middle line:84% like the racial makeup of a text. 00:03:59.470 --> 00:04:02.080 align:middle line:84% There is one Native American character 00:04:02.080 --> 00:04:05.920 align:middle line:84% in the novel and this icon represents 00:04:05.920 --> 00:04:10.330 align:middle line:84% Elnora Strother, one of the two biracial characters 00:04:10.330 --> 00:04:12.460 align:middle line:90% in Flags in the Dust. 00:04:12.460 --> 00:04:15.400 align:middle line:84% If I click on Elnora, you can see the kind of information 00:04:15.400 --> 00:04:19.660 align:middle line:84% our database provides for each of the over 3,700 characters 00:04:19.660 --> 00:04:22.840 align:middle line:84% who appear in all the fictions put together. 00:04:22.840 --> 00:04:25.810 align:middle line:84% This includes biographical details, 00:04:25.810 --> 00:04:31.210 align:middle line:84% and the scenes and places where the character appears. 00:04:31.210 --> 00:04:36.230 align:middle line:84% Also another cumulative link to the way the character 00:04:36.230 --> 00:04:41.320 align:middle line:84% appears in the Yoknapatawpha cannon as a whole. 00:04:41.320 --> 00:04:46.590 align:middle line:84% Characters appear on the map alongside the place where they 00:04:46.590 --> 00:04:50.040 align:middle line:84% first show up in the narrative but when a text establishes 00:04:50.040 --> 00:04:53.100 align:middle line:84% where someone lives, you can see that 00:04:53.100 --> 00:04:55.570 align:middle line:90% by selecting the home option. 00:04:55.570 --> 00:04:58.110 align:middle line:84% You can also choose to see just the characters whom 00:04:58.110 --> 00:05:03.660 align:middle line:84% the editors have identified as major, or major and secondary. 00:05:03.660 --> 00:05:06.630 align:middle line:84% But if you're looking for a specific person, 00:05:06.630 --> 00:05:09.990 align:middle line:84% you can use the alphabetic list feature, which 00:05:09.990 --> 00:05:12.420 align:middle line:84% allows you to display any single character 00:05:12.420 --> 00:05:15.510 align:middle line:84% or selected group of characters on the map. 00:05:15.510 --> 00:05:22.430 align:middle line:84% Here are those 238 characters arranged alphabetically. 00:05:22.430 --> 00:05:27.200 align:middle line:84% Let's select Colonel John Sartoris, the legendary figure 00:05:27.200 --> 00:05:30.410 align:middle line:84% who appears in 21 Yoknapatawpha fictions, 00:05:30.410 --> 00:05:32.270 align:middle line:90% more than anyone else. 00:05:32.270 --> 00:05:35.420 align:middle line:84% If you're having trouble finding his icon, 00:05:35.420 --> 00:05:41.610 align:middle line:84% remember you can turn off the map layers. 00:05:41.610 --> 00:05:43.290 align:middle line:90% And there he is. 00:05:43.290 --> 00:05:46.200 align:middle line:84% By the way, here we're very close to Yoknapatawpha's 00:05:46.200 --> 00:05:47.280 align:middle line:90% genesis moment. 00:05:47.280 --> 00:05:49.080 align:middle line:84% The place out of which in the beginning, 00:05:49.080 --> 00:05:51.180 align:middle line:90% Faulkner created his world. 00:05:51.180 --> 00:05:53.910 align:middle line:84% A blank piece of paper and the legacy 00:05:53.910 --> 00:05:57.150 align:middle line:84% of his own great grandfather Colonel William Faulkner, 00:05:57.150 --> 00:06:01.330 align:middle line:84% the man on whom he based Colonel Sartoris. 00:06:01.330 --> 00:06:04.480 align:middle line:84% Let me use the reset button to move on 00:06:04.480 --> 00:06:05.845 align:middle line:90% to the way events display. 00:06:05.845 --> 00:06:08.600 align:middle line:90% 00:06:08.600 --> 00:06:14.420 align:middle line:84% If I use the control box to display them all at once, 00:06:14.420 --> 00:06:19.310 align:middle line:84% you can get an idea of where the entire narrative takes place. 00:06:19.310 --> 00:06:23.480 align:middle line:84% The functions under the map provide the best way to examine 00:06:23.480 --> 00:06:25.430 align:middle line:90% what happens in a text. 00:06:25.430 --> 00:06:27.110 align:middle line:84% You can choose, for example, to look 00:06:27.110 --> 00:06:29.750 align:middle line:90% at just one chapter or section. 00:06:29.750 --> 00:06:33.770 align:middle line:84% Let's look at the last part of Flags for example. 00:06:33.770 --> 00:06:36.260 align:middle line:84% Now only the locations and characters 00:06:36.260 --> 00:06:40.610 align:middle line:84% that appear in that final 35 pages are displayed. 00:06:40.610 --> 00:06:43.880 align:middle line:84% And the events have been similarly curated. 00:06:43.880 --> 00:06:46.010 align:middle line:84% If we look at all of them now, it's 00:06:46.010 --> 00:06:49.190 align:middle line:84% fascinating to see just how much of the end of the novel 00:06:49.190 --> 00:06:51.110 align:middle line:84% takes place outside of the county 00:06:51.110 --> 00:06:54.560 align:middle line:84% that Faulkner has just brought into existence. 00:06:54.560 --> 00:06:59.600 align:middle line:84% This is where young Bayard dies in that airplane accident. 00:06:59.600 --> 00:07:01.430 align:middle line:84% And this is the new town to which 00:07:01.430 --> 00:07:08.300 align:middle line:84% Horace Benbow, the novel's other protagonist, moves at the end. 00:07:08.300 --> 00:07:14.250 align:middle line:84% I'm using the all part button to reset the map again 00:07:14.250 --> 00:07:17.520 align:middle line:84% so I can show you the two different ways in which you 00:07:17.520 --> 00:07:20.710 align:middle line:84% can animate the narrative with these functions. 00:07:20.710 --> 00:07:23.940 align:middle line:84% Let's look first at page order, the way readers 00:07:23.940 --> 00:07:28.600 align:middle line:84% experience the narrative from the first to the last page. 00:07:28.600 --> 00:07:36.860 align:middle line:84% I'll click on the play button, play the 332 events 00:07:36.860 --> 00:07:39.380 align:middle line:84% into which the editors divide the novel, 00:07:39.380 --> 00:07:43.220 align:middle line:90% from page 3 through page 404. 00:07:43.220 --> 00:07:47.180 align:middle line:84% Note that you can control the speed at which they change, 00:07:47.180 --> 00:07:50.610 align:middle line:84% by using the slider at the right. 00:07:50.610 --> 00:07:52.140 align:middle line:84% Let me point out a couple of things 00:07:52.140 --> 00:07:54.390 align:middle line:90% while the narrative is playing. 00:07:54.390 --> 00:07:58.080 align:middle line:84% The timeline, this big line underneath the map, where 00:07:58.080 --> 00:08:01.050 align:middle line:84% events appear in time, looks the same 00:08:01.050 --> 00:08:04.560 align:middle line:84% for each text in Digital Yoknapatawpha. 00:08:04.560 --> 00:08:09.660 align:middle line:84% Its beginning and end dates, 1800 and 1960, 00:08:09.660 --> 00:08:11.880 align:middle line:84% represent a historical range covered 00:08:11.880 --> 00:08:14.790 align:middle line:84% by most of the events in the Yoknapatawpha fictions 00:08:14.790 --> 00:08:16.210 align:middle line:90% as a whole. 00:08:16.210 --> 00:08:20.550 align:middle line:84% However, the vertical black line across that timeline, 00:08:20.550 --> 00:08:22.470 align:middle line:90% is text specific. 00:08:22.470 --> 00:08:24.690 align:middle line:84% It always intersects the timeline 00:08:24.690 --> 00:08:29.460 align:middle line:84% at the date when a story opens on its first page, 1919 00:08:29.460 --> 00:08:31.530 align:middle line:90% in the case of Flags. 00:08:31.530 --> 00:08:34.230 align:middle line:84% Second, when an event first appears, 00:08:34.230 --> 00:08:37.590 align:middle line:84% it's red on both the map and the timeline. 00:08:37.590 --> 00:08:41.020 align:middle line:84% By stopping the sequence, we can click 00:08:41.020 --> 00:08:47.690 align:middle line:84% on the event that's currently playing 00:08:47.690 --> 00:08:51.575 align:middle line:84% and you can see the kind of event information we provide. 00:08:51.575 --> 00:08:54.830 align:middle line:84% I'll also remind you that this pop-up box, like all 00:08:54.830 --> 00:08:56.480 align:middle line:90% the others, is movable. 00:08:56.480 --> 00:09:00.140 align:middle line:84% And if we leave it open, and switch from the play button 00:09:00.140 --> 00:09:02.870 align:middle line:84% to the next event button, you can 00:09:02.870 --> 00:09:06.920 align:middle line:84% see how the pop-up box's information changes to display 00:09:06.920 --> 00:09:10.050 align:middle line:90% each new event in turn. 00:09:10.050 --> 00:09:12.930 align:middle line:84% And note how when a new event appears, 00:09:12.930 --> 00:09:16.170 align:middle line:84% the previous one turns purple on both the map 00:09:16.170 --> 00:09:18.660 align:middle line:84% and in the timeline but stays visible 00:09:18.660 --> 00:09:20.880 align:middle line:84% along with all the other previous events 00:09:20.880 --> 00:09:25.360 align:middle line:84% to record where in space and time the novel has been. 00:09:25.360 --> 00:09:29.560 align:middle line:84% I'll reset the map again to show you 00:09:29.560 --> 00:09:33.130 align:middle line:84% how to play the narrative in chronological order, 00:09:33.130 --> 00:09:36.880 align:middle line:84% from its earliest time to its latest. 00:09:36.880 --> 00:09:39.460 align:middle line:84% So this time we'll use the play next option 00:09:39.460 --> 00:09:42.040 align:middle line:84% in the chronological order feature. 00:09:42.040 --> 00:09:46.210 align:middle line:84% Narratively, the text begins in 1919, 00:09:46.210 --> 00:09:49.000 align:middle line:84% the spring after World War One ends, 00:09:49.000 --> 00:09:51.940 align:middle line:84% but chronologically, its first event 00:09:51.940 --> 00:09:54.910 align:middle line:84% takes place about 70 years earlier, 00:09:54.910 --> 00:09:58.320 align:middle line:84% or a decade before the Civil War starts. 00:09:58.320 --> 00:10:02.880 align:middle line:84% This earliest event doesn't appear until page 163, 00:10:02.880 --> 00:10:04.860 align:middle line:90% about halfway through the book. 00:10:04.860 --> 00:10:07.020 align:middle line:84% This of course, is one of Faulkner's most 00:10:07.020 --> 00:10:09.690 align:middle line:84% recognizable narrative signatures, 00:10:09.690 --> 00:10:12.660 align:middle line:84% the way his fictions move backwards as well as forwards 00:10:12.660 --> 00:10:13.860 align:middle line:90% in time. 00:10:13.860 --> 00:10:16.230 align:middle line:84% Keep your eyes on the narrative order slider 00:10:16.230 --> 00:10:18.840 align:middle line:84% as I click through a few more of the events 00:10:18.840 --> 00:10:20.880 align:middle line:90% in chronological order. 00:10:20.880 --> 00:10:26.660 align:middle line:84% As you can see, the page numbers jump back and forth. 00:10:26.660 --> 00:10:28.910 align:middle line:84% This lets us visualize the process 00:10:28.910 --> 00:10:31.340 align:middle line:84% by which Faulkner dramatizes the idea 00:10:31.340 --> 00:10:34.460 align:middle line:84% that the present is historically saturated. 00:10:34.460 --> 00:10:38.930 align:middle line:84% That the past, as he famously put it, is never dead. 00:10:38.930 --> 00:10:41.450 align:middle line:84% Some of his 68 Yoknapatawpha fictions 00:10:41.450 --> 00:10:44.910 align:middle line:84% do proceed almost consistently forward in time 00:10:44.910 --> 00:10:47.210 align:middle line:84% but the recursive pattern that you see here 00:10:47.210 --> 00:10:49.520 align:middle line:90% is far more prevalent. 00:10:49.520 --> 00:10:51.050 align:middle line:90% One last point. 00:10:51.050 --> 00:10:55.340 align:middle line:84% If I ask the program to display all the events again, 00:10:55.340 --> 00:11:01.320 align:middle line:84% note how much occurs to the left of that vertical black line. 00:11:01.320 --> 00:11:04.550 align:middle line:84% In other words, how much of the story that Faulkner is telling 00:11:04.550 --> 00:11:07.940 align:middle line:84% has already happened by the time it begins. 00:11:07.940 --> 00:11:11.810 align:middle line:84% In still other words, even as Faulkner brings Yoknapatawpha 00:11:11.810 --> 00:11:17.830 align:middle line:84% County into existence, it is already dominated by its past.